• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for measuring aging of permanent magnets (4) of a synchronous machine (1) comprising a stator (2) and a rotor (3), said machine (1) being equipped with at least one an angular position sensor (1a) of the rotor (3), the rotor (3) comprising the permanent magnets (4) being arranged to move around the stator (2), the angular position sensor (1a) comprising at least two fixed magnetic induction measuring sensors (6) extending at an axial end (3a) of the rotor (3) opposite and in close proximity to the axial edges (4a) of the permanent magnets (4), characterized in that it consists in: j1) determining, during a rotation phase in which the electric current generated is zero, the value of the maximum magnetic induction by means of the magnetic induction measurement sensors (6) and the electronic unit, j2) compare the measured value of the maximum magnetic induction with a reference value, j3) if the value of the maximum magnetic induction is lower than the reference value by having a determined deviation from said reference value, generating an alert information S via the electronic unit, if not resume step j 1).
    公开号:FR3017961A1
    申请号:FR1451452
    申请日:2014-02-24
    公开日:2015-08-28
    发明作者:Pierre Dumas
    申请人:Lohr Electromecanique SAS；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to the general technical field of angular position sensors and to the general technical field of synchronous machines comprising synchronous machines having an angular position sensor. permanent magnets and such a position sensor. The present invention more particularly relates to a synchronous machine with sinusoidal, trapezoidal or other electromotive force, comprising a position sensor for controlling the power supply of said machine. The invention finds its application mainly in synchronous machines powered by a polyphase alternating voltage. The invention will be described below more particularly but not limited to means for generating a magnetic induction consisting of permanent magnets. A synchronous machine with permanent magnets consists of a wound stator and a rotor carrying the permanent magnets. Such a machine is powered and driven via a power electronics. A synchronous machine with permanent magnets and sinusoidal electromotive force can be controlled with a vector control system. This type of control, known as such, provides high performance, namely high accuracy and high torque dynamics. These performances are necessary, especially for traction motors. A control system for obtaining high performance, however, requires a precise knowledge of the angular position of the rotor and this in real time. The angular position of the rotor is generally given by a position sensor which consists in particular of a rotating part mechanically linked to the rotor. There are thus known different technologies for determining the angular position of the rotor. For example, the position sensor called "resolver", the incremental digital encoder or the absolute encoder. These known technologies, however, have disadvantages. Indeed, these known position sensors all include a rotating part mechanically linked to the rotor. This constitutes an important constraint when designing the machine in which the position sensors must be integrated. The rotating portion of the angular position sensor is generally rotated through a drive tube. Such a drive tube generally passes through the stator and very often has significant inertia that can lead to a slower measurement of the angular position. The lack of precision associated with such a measurement leads to an impairment of the machine's performance. In addition, having to traverse the machine to retrieve angular position information substantially increases the complexity of the assembly. It is then necessary to use a larger number of mechanical parts, which increases the risk of failures. Moreover, during the first commissioning of a known synchronous machine, a so-called calibration operation must be performed by a converter. During this operation, the machine is rotating and the converter measures the angle corresponding to the zero crossing of the electromotive force. This calibration operation must be carried out again during a maintenance operation of the sensor change type, change of an electromagnetic part of the rotor or the stator, or change of the complete machine. Such a rigging operation is often very difficult to achieve, in particular for long vehicles of the railway vehicle type, since it is necessary to lift the said vehicles to allow free orientation of the wheels during stalling. The wedging operation is however very important because an angular offset between the measured angular position and the actual position of the rotor leads to a significant drop in the torque. For example, a shift of one mechanical degree leads to a torque drop of about 5% and an offset of two mechanical degrees leads to a torque drop of 20%. Known synchronous machines also have lower performance related to the aging of permanent magnets. Indeed, the magnetic induction generated by the permanent magnets decreases with time. It is therefore logical to replace the permanent magnets periodically. The replacement of permanent magnets can cause significant costs in spare parts, labor and / or immobilization of the machine. Often such a replacement takes place too early, generating unnecessary or too late fees, leading to use of a synchronous machine whose performance is degraded.
    [0002] DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is therefore to overcome the drawbacks mentioned above and to propose a new method for determining an aging level of a synchronous machine.
    [0003] Another object of the present invention is to implement such a method for determining an aging level with simple, reliable, few and economical means. The objects assigned to the invention are achieved by means of a method for measuring the aging of the permanent magnets of a polyphase synchronous machine comprising a stator and a rotor, said machine being equipped with at least one sensor of angular position of the rotor, the stator comprising a coil intended to be supplied with current, the rotor comprising permanent magnets being provided to move around the stator, the angular position sensor comprising at least two sensors for measuring the magnetic induction and at least one electronic unit, the induction measurement sensors, fixed, extending at an axial end of the rotor facing and in the immediate vicinity of the axial edges of the permanent magnets, characterized in that it consists in 1) determining, during a phase of rotation in which the electric current generated is zero, the value of the maximum magnetic induction via the sensors of me of the magnetic induction and the electronic unit, j2) comparing the measured value of the maximum magnetic induction with a reference value, j3) if the value of the maximum magnetic induction is less than the reference value in having a determined deviation from said reference value, generating an alert information via the electronic unit, otherwise resume step j 1). According to an exemplary implementation according to the invention, the method consists in using as a reference value the value of the maximum magnetic induction measured during the first use of the synchronous machine. According to an exemplary implementation according to the invention, the method consists in using as a reference value, a theoretical or predefined value. According to an exemplary implementation according to the invention, the method consists in using as a reference value, a decreasing value as a function of time. According to an exemplary implementation according to the invention, the method consists in using as a reference value a value exhibiting a linear decrease.
    [0004] According to an exemplary implementation according to the invention, the method consists in generating the alert information when the difference is greater than or equal to 20%. According to an exemplary implementation according to the invention, the method is applied to a motor-wheel of a vehicle during a free rotation, without traction or braking. According to an exemplary implementation according to the invention, the method is used on a test bench during maintenance operations of the motor-wheel. The synchronous machine in which the process according to the invention is implemented advantageously constitutes a wheel motor of a rail or road vehicle. The measuring method according to the invention has the particular advantage of providing a precise measurement, in real time and at selected time intervals, of the aging of the permanent magnets of the synchronous machine.
    [0005] The method according to the invention has the remarkable advantage that results from the use of the angular position sensor of the rotor, to know the evolution of the magnetic field as a function of time and thus to estimate whether the synchronous machine is healthy or if it has suffered an aging detrimental to its performance.
    [0006] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Other features and advantages of the invention will also emerge from the drawings given by way of nonlimiting illustration in which: FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a synchronous machine in which the method is implemented; according to the invention, said machine incorporating an angular position sensor on a portion of a stator; - Figure 2 shows a detail, in section, of Figure 1; FIG. 3 is an illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a removable support for the angular position sensor in front view, intended to be inserted into a synchronous machine in which the method according to the invention is implemented. ; - Figure 4 illustrates a block diagram of the electronic means necessary for the operation of the angular position sensor of a synchronous machine and therefore used to implement the method according to the invention; and FIG. 5 illustrates, using a block diagram, an example of a vector control system of a synchronous machine with permanent magnets and a sinusoidal electromotive force, in which the method according to the invention is implemented. . FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a synchronous machine 1 comprising an angular position sensor mounted on a stator 2 schematically illustrated in FIG. The synchronous machine 1 also comprises a rotor 3 provided with permanent magnets 4. The end portion 2a covers at least partially and without contact an axial end 3a of the rotor 3. An example of arrangement between the axial end 3a and the end portion 2a is illustrated in greater detail in FIG.
    [0007] The stator 2 comprises a not shown winding, intended to be supplied with polyphase current via a power electronics device also called converter or inverter. The latter is advantageously supplied with voltage and current. The rotor 3 advantageously has a substantially cylindrical shape 3b whose inner face is covered with permanent magnets 4. The rotor 3 is intended to rotate around the portion of the stator 2 extending in the free space delimited internally to said rotor 3. The permanent magnets 4 are for example stacked in an axial direction in axial grooves formed in the inner face of the cylinder 3b. The mounting and fixing of the permanent magnets 4 on the inner face of the rotor 3 is carried out in a known manner. By way of example, the permanent magnets 4 are slidably introduced into axial grooves and held radially due to a complementarity of shapes of said grooves and said permanent magnets 4.
    [0008] The permanent magnets 4 are locked axially in each groove by means of a retaining piece 5 made of non-magnetic material, illustrated in greater detail in FIG. 2.
    [0009] The holding piece 5 constitutes a stop 5a preventing axial movements of the permanent magnets 4 engaged in the corresponding groove. The dimensions and shapes of the holding part 5 are chosen so as not to hinder access to a localized area facing at least part of the axial edge 4a of the last permanent magnet 4 engaged in each groove. The axial end 3a of the cylinder 3b, which does not have permanent magnets 4, advantageously has a slightly flared shape in a radial direction. Such a conformation thus makes it possible to limit the space requirement resulting from the fixing of the holding part 5. A holding part 5 is advantageously fixed on the cylinder 3b, at the end of each groove by means of a screw 5b , thus axially blocking all rows of permanent magnets 4. The synchronous machine 1 also comprises an angular position sensor of the rotor 3. The angular position sensor comprises in particular sensors for measuring the magnetic induction 6. These are provided for detecting the variation of the axial magnetic field generated by the permanent magnets 4. This variation of the axial magnetic field is detected and converted into the voltage delivered by the magnetic induction measurement sensors 6. The angular position sensor also includes it an electronic unit designed to receive the induction voltages of the measurement sensors of the magnetic induction 6 and to deduce the posi This determination is made absolutely. The electronic unit also makes it possible to transmit in real time relative information on the angular position of the rotor 3 to the power electronics device. The sensors for measuring the magnetic induction 6 are mechanically secured to the end portion 2a and extend at an axial end of the rotor 3, facing and in the immediate vicinity of the axial edges 4a of the last permanent magnets 4 engaged in the grooves. During rotation of the rotor 3, each axial edge 4a therefore passes in front of the magnetic induction measurement sensors 6. The magnetic measurement sensors 6 are advantageously fixed on a removable support 7.
    [0010] The removable support 7 has for this purpose an axial support portion 7a and a support end portion 7b. The support end portion 7b extends substantially transversely to the axial support portion 7a. The sensors for measuring the magnetic induction 6 are arranged on an outer face 7c of the free end of the axial support portion 7a. The removable support 7 preferably has a curvature substantially conforming to the curvature of the rotor 3. The sensors for measuring the magnetic induction 6 are advantageously fixed and distributed on an external face 7c along a line whose curvature substantially matches the curvature of the the succession of axial edges 4a permanent magnets 4. The removable support 7 is for example introduced into a slot 8 formed in the end portion 2a. Of course the slot 8 has a curvature identical or similar to that presented by the axial support portion 7a. The removable support 7, once equipped with the magnetic induction measurement sensors 6, is introduced axially into the slot 8 until the stop of the portion of the support end 7b on the outside face of the part end 2a. The dimensions of the removable support 7, and in particular the axial length of the axial support portion 7a, are chosen so that the sensors for measuring the magnetic induction 6 extend at a distance e from the axial edges 4a. The distance e is for example between 1.5 and 2.5 millimeters and preferably equal to 2 millimeters. All types of fastening means, not shown, can also be used to secure the support end 7b with the end portion 2a. The synchronous machine 1 comprises, according to an exemplary embodiment, at least three magnetic induction measurement sensors 6 arranged on a removable support 7.
    [0011] According to another exemplary embodiment, the synchronous machine 1 according to the invention, illustrated in FIG. 1, comprises two removable supports 7, each of which is provided for example with at least two magnetic induction measurement sensors 6. FIG. 3 is a front view of an exemplary embodiment of a removable support 7 comprising five magnetic induction measurement sensors 6. The synchronous machine 1 thus comprises, according to an embodiment of Figure 3, two removable media 7 each having five magnetic induction measuring sensors 6. Advantageously, the outer face 7c of the axial support portion 7a is provided with a temperature sensor 9. This allows the ambient temperature of the synchronous machine 1 to be used. to adjust its control, because the induction depends on the temperature.
    [0012] According to a preferred embodiment, the removable support 7 comprises at least one electronic circuit of the electronic unit or part of an electronic circuit of said electronic unit. For example, the power electronics device is a converter 14 driving the synchronous machine 1 by a modulation of pulse widths. The sensors for measuring the magnetic induction 6 are preferably Hall effect sensors. According to another example of the embodiment of the synchronous machine 1, the sensors for measuring the magnetic induction 6 consist of AMR / GMR sensors, called magnetoresistance sensors. While Hall effect sensors measure the DC component of the magnetic field, magnetoresistance sensors exhibit operation based on the variation in the electrical resistance of a material as a function of the direction of the magnetic field applied thereto. These sensors are known as such and are therefore not described further. By using Hall effect sensors or magnetoresistance sensors, the wedging operation of the angular position sensor is no longer necessary. Indeed, these sensors measure the spatial distribution of the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnets 4 and even when the synchronous machine 1 is stopped. This makes it possible to dispense with any calibration operation at the commissioning of the synchronous machine 1 or following a maintenance operation of said synchronous machine 1. This therefore results in a remarkable advantage for the synchronous machine 1. FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the electronic means necessary for the operation of the angular position sensor 1a of the synchronous machine 1. The latter thus comprises the wound stator 2 and the rotor 3 comprising the permanent magnets 4.
    [0013] The angular position sensor thus comprises functional means, which include induction measurement sensors 6, associated with the electronic unit for acquiring a signal and for calculating the positioning angle of the rotor. 3. The functional means consist, for example, of two magnetic induction measurement sensors 6 mounted fixed, without contact and facing the permanent magnets 4. The information from these induction measurement sensors 6 is then amplified and filtered respectively by amplification means 10 and filtration means 11 before a computer 12 acquires said information. This computer 12 of the electronic unit thus determines the rotor angle (angular position of the rotor) from the information from the induction measurement sensors 6 and communicates in real time the rotor angle to a vector control system 13 which The communication of the rotor angle to the vector control system 13 is carried out via a field bus type protocol of the SSI, PROFIBUS or other type. In addition, the sign of the rotor angle determined by the computer 12 defines the direction of rotation of the synchronous machine 1. FIG. 5 illustrates, using a block diagram, the vector control system 13 of a synchronous machine 1 with permanent magnets 4 and sinusoidal electromotive force. In this vector control example, the synchronous machine 1 comprises the converter 14 powered by a voltage. The vector control system 13 makes it possible to control the converter 14 by means of PWM pulse width modulation to generate an average supply voltage on each of the phases P1, P2, P3 of the synchronous machine 1 and by consequently, a determined current in each of said phases P1, P2, P3. The converter 14 thus transforms a voltage supplied by a DC voltage source U into a three-phase supply voltage of the synchronous machine 1. The latter operates, for example, in traction and alternately in a three-phase voltage generator, when a vehicle is in operation. a braking phase. The vector control system 13 comprises a control unit of the converter 14, current sensors 15, a voltage sensor 16 and the angular position sensor 1a of the synchronous machine 1. The vector control system 13 receives for example the instruction of torque C. From the information from the current sensors 15, the angular position sensor 1a and from the setpoint C, the control unit of the converter 14 calculates the voltage vector to be applied to said converter 14 so that the synchronous machine 1 reaches the torque set point C.
    [0014] The vector control system 13, in particular a synchronous machine 1 with permanent magnets 4 and sinusoidal electromotive force, is known per se and will therefore not be further described herein. The synchronous machine 1 has the remarkable advantage that it comprises an angular position sensor enabling it to make a direct measurement of the magnetic field produced by the permanent magnets 4 and consequently to know the evolution of said magnetic field as a function of time . This makes it possible to detect a deterioration of the performance of the permanent magnets 4 and consequently of the performance of the synchronous machine 1. Moreover, the angular position sensor 1a of the synchronous machine 1 makes it possible to detect a sharp increase in the induced magnetic field, resulting from a short circuit between phases. The synchronous machine 1 with permanent magnets 4 and sinusoidal electromotive force advantageously constitutes a motor-wheel. The synchronous machine according to the invention can also be used as a winch motor or as an elevator motor.
    [0015] The synchronous machine 1 thus makes it possible to implement a method of measuring an aging of permanent magnets 4 according to the invention and using a succession of steps explained below. According to a first step j 1), during a phase of rotation in which the electric current generated in the synchronous machine 1 is zero, the value of the maximum magnetic induction VM is determined. by means of the magnetic induction measurement sensors 6 connected to the electronic unit. According to a second step j2), the measured value of the maximum magnetic induction VM, is compared to a reference value. According to a third step j3) if the value of the maximum magnetic induction VM ', a' is lower than the reference value by exhibiting a determined difference with respect to said reference value, an alerting information S is generated by the intermediate of the electronic unit, otherwise we resume step jl). According to an exemplary implementation according to the invention, the method consists in using as a reference value the value of the maximum measured magnetic induction VM., (,) During the first use of the synchronous machine 1. According to another example of implementation according to the invention, the method consists in using as a reference value, a theoretical or predefined value VT ', ax. According to another exemplary implementation according to the invention, the method consists in using as a reference value a decreasing value as a function of time VMmaxw (t). Such a decrease results in a curve that is, for example, linear. As such, the initial reference value of this decreasing curve can be either the measured value VMmax (i) or the theoretical or predefined value VTmax.
    [0016] According to an exemplary implementation according to the invention, the method consists in generating the alert information when the difference is greater than or equal to 20%. A smaller deviation can also be chosen, for example, without departing from the scope of the invention. With the computer 12, it is possible to determine concomitantly the absolute angular position of the rotor 3 and a normal or premature aging of the permanent magnets 4 or some permanent magnets 4 according to the method described above. The computer 12 can thus identify which of the permanent magnets 4 are to be replaced if one wants to maintain the good performance of the synchronous machine 1.
    [0017] The method according to the invention is applied to a motor-wheel of a vehicle during a free rotation, without traction or braking. It is obvious that the present description is not limited to the examples explicitly described, but also includes other embodiments and / or implementation. Thus, a described technical feature or a step described, can be replaced by an equivalent technical characteristic or an equivalent step without departing from the scope of the invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. Method for measuring the aging of the permanent magnets (4) of a polyphase synchronous machine (1) comprising a stator (2) and a rotor (3), said machine (1) being equipped with at least one position sensor angular (1a) of the rotor (3), the stator (2) comprising a coil adapted to be supplied with current, the rotor (3) comprising the permanent magnets being arranged to move around the stator (2), the position sensor angle sensor (1a) comprising at least two magnetic induction measuring sensors (6) and at least one electronic unit, the fixed induction measuring sensors (6) extending at one axial end (3a) of the rotor (3) facing and in the immediate vicinity of the axial edges (4a) of the permanent magnets (4), characterized in that it consists in: jl) determining, during a phase of rotation in which the generated electric current is zero, the value of the maximum magnetic induction VM. ' by means of magnetic inductive measurement sensors (6) connected to the electronic unit, j2) comparing the measured value VM., of the maximum magnetic induction with a reference value, j3) if the value of the maximum magnetic induction VM. is less than the reference value by having a determined deviation from said reference value, generate an alert information S via the electronic unit, otherwise resume step j 1).
    [0002]
    2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists in using as a reference value, the value of the maximum measured magnetic induction VM. '(,) During the first use of the synchronous machine.
    [0003]
    3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists in using as reference value, a theoretical or predefined value
    [0004]
    4. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it consists in using as a reference value, a decreasing value as a function of time.
    [0005]
    5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that it consists in using as reference value, a value having a linear decrease.
    [0006]
    6. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it consists in generating the alert information S when the difference is greater than or equal to 20%.
    [0007]
    7. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it is implemented on a wheel motor of a vehicle during a free rotation, without traction and without braking.
    [0008]
    8. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that it is implemented on a test bench during engine maintenance operations wheel.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
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    法律状态:
    2016-02-25| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2017-02-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2018-02-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2020-02-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    2021-11-12| ST| Notification of lapse|Effective date: 20211005 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1451452A|FR3017961B1|2014-02-24|2014-02-24|METHOD FOR MEASURING THE VIBRATION OF PERMANENT MAGNETS OF A SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE EQUIPPED WITH AN ANGULAR POSITION SENSOR|FR1451452A| FR3017961B1|2014-02-24|2014-02-24|METHOD FOR MEASURING THE VIBRATION OF PERMANENT MAGNETS OF A SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE EQUIPPED WITH AN ANGULAR POSITION SENSOR|
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    US15/119,962| US10261130B2|2014-02-24|2015-02-20|Method for measuring the ageing of permanent magnets of a synchronous machine fitted with an angular position sensor|
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    CA2938746A| CA2938746A1|2014-02-24|2015-02-20|Method for measuring the ageing of permanent magnets of a synchronous machine fitted with an angular position sensor|
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